SuomiKaataa2

Thrust vectoring, known as well as thrust vector control, is the ability of an aircraft, rocket, or other vehicle to control the direction of the thrust from its engine to control the attitude or angular velocity of the vehicle. Thrust vectoring is often referred to as gas-dynamic steering or gas-dynamic control. When rockets and ballistic missiles fly in thinner atmosphere, aerodynamic control surfaces are less effective, so thrust vectoring is the primary goal of attitude control.  For aircraft, the method originally developed to provide upward vertical thrust to give aircraft vertical (VTOL) or short (STOL) takeoff and landing ability. Later it was realized that using vectored thrust in combat situations is useful for the aircraft performance and maneuverability. Aircraft that use no thrust vectoring must rely only on aerodynamic control surfaces, such as ailerons or elevator. Aircraft with vectoring must still use control surfaces, but it is not limited so much by them. A verti...

Early jet engines worked on the process where the majority of the air passing into the inlet of the engine was used in the combustion and passed through the core of the engine to the exit of the engine exhaust.  On the figure above you can see turbojet engine with all air going through the turbine.  On Figure below there are two types of turbojets: centrifugal and axial. Many early turbojets were centrifugal, such as early Rolls-Royce engines. The outlet of the compressor stage is perpendicular to the axis of the rotation of the impeller. The main disadvantage is their quite large size. Early jets were subsonic, so drag wasn't such a problem. However as aircraft got faster it was needed to develop engine with higher performance, which led to axial turbojets. Axial flow turbojets compress the air parallel to the axis of rotation of the shaft. While axial flow engines are rather longer than centrifugal flow engines, the cross-sectional areas are smaller, which leads to smal...

Internal combustion engines (ICE) are the most common form of heat engines, as they are used in vehicles, ships, airplanes, etc. The name is such because the combustion of fuel and an oxidizer occurs in  a certain space called chamber.  Simply say, fuel is ignited and work is done inside the engine. The same fuel and oxidizer, which is typically air, is emitted as an exhaust. That can happen either by using piston or turbine.  Internal combustion heat engines work on the principle of the ideal gas law (pV=nRT), which claims that raising the temperature of a gas increases the pressure that makes the gas to expand. An internal combustion engine has a chamber, which has fuel added to it which ignites in order to raise the temperature of the gas. When the heat is added, the gas expands. Piston raises in case of piston engines. In case of turbine, the hot air is forced through the chamber and turns the turbine. Piston engine works in a cycle, so it is intermittent type of comb...

Note before you even start to read. I have started with this article in 2018. I have tried to go through all rocket types and families, which were launched or used or planned, but I needed to take a break. So, I had to change several things in the following article. I hope it will still stay consistent.   Delta rocket family is American expendable launch system since 1960 with 95 per cent of successful launches. Currently Delta IV Heavy rocket remains in use as by November 2020.  The original Delta rocket was developed and built by Douglas Aircraft Company and it has origin in Thor IRBM (deployed in the UK between the years 1959 and 1963). IRBM is abbreviation which stands for  Intermediate Range Ballistic Missile. After Sputnik 1 was launched in October, 4, 1957, Thor was developed into a space program direction and become a basis of Delta rocket. Thor was developed into Delta, so basically Thor is the first rocket in Delta rocket family. The original Delta rock...

Applications  After a very long time, I am trying to come back to write my blog about scientific topic, especially aeronautics. It has been quite intense time, where I was needed to think what direction I would like to go.  Currently I am teaching a course covering many topics of physics at the same time of future power engineers. It is not easy to compress everything in one course. I think it is too little time and also I am throwing so many stuff on the students that I am not even sure they are able to catch that.  But it is interesting to get to the basics again and talk about the basic mechanics, power and energy, energy generation and transmission, fluid mechanics, a lot of applications, thermodynamics and heat transfer, including again million of the applications. And it wouldn't be me, not using rockets and aircrafts as an example.  Aerodynamics is the study of motion of air, which is part of the study of fluid dynamics. I would call aerodynamics as a study th...