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A rocket engine uses stored rocket propellants as the reaction mass. Reaction mass forms a high speed propulsive jet of fluid, usually high temperature gas. Rocket engines are type of engines using reaction, producing thrust by ejecting mass rearward, according to the Newton's third law of action and reaction. Most rocket engines use the combustion of reactive chemicals to supply the necessary energy, but non-combusting forms such as cold gas thrusters and nuclear thermal rockets also exist. RD-180 test firing at Marshall Space Flight Center, source wiki Rocket engines produce thrust by the ejection of an exhaust fluid that has been accelerated to high speed through a propelling nozzle. The fluid is usually a gas created by high pressure combustion of solid or liquid propellants, consisting of fuel and oxidizer, inside a combustion chamber. As the gases expand through the nozzle, they are accelerated to very high speed, and the reaction to this pushes the engine in the opposite dir...

Ariane (rocket family) is a series of a European civilian expendable launch vehicles for space launch use. France proposed the Ariane project and it was agreed at the end of 1973 after discussions between France, Germany and the UK. The project was second Western Europe's attempt to develop its own launch vehicle following the unsuccessful Europa project.  The main purpose if this project was to get independent access to space for launching commercial payload into orbit. Among other satellites, there have been other missions such as Giotto, the probe to Halley’s Comet; or Hipparcos, the stellar distance-measuring satellite; or Rosetta, a comet rendezvous mission; and Envisat, a large Earth-observing satellite. The first ever Ariane 4 launch from Kourou on June 14, 1988 Ariane versions over the years Ariane 1 was launched 11 times, with 9 successful launches, into geostationary orbit, having 3 stages.  Ariane 2 was launched 6 times, with 6 successful launches, into geostat...

Classification: A small-lift launch vehicle is capable of lifting up to 2,000 kg (4,400 lb) to low Earth orbit. A medium-lift launch vehicle is capable of lifting 2,000 to 20,000 kg (4,400 to 44,000 lb) of payload into low Earth orbit. A heavy-lift launch vehicle is capable of lifting 20,000 to 50,000 kg (44,000 to 110,000 lb) of payload into low Earth orbit. A super heavy-lift launch vehicle is a launch vehicle allowing to lift more than 50,000 kg (110,000 lb.) of payload into low Earth orbit.  Retired or never used in operation: Saturn V was an US super heavy-lift launch vehicle used by NASA between 1967 and 1973.  It consisted of three stages, each of them fueled by liquid propellants. It was developed for the Apollo program to the Moon and was later used to launch Skylab, the first American space station. Note: Saturn IB was used for the later Apollo-Soyuz test project. Saturn V had with an Apollo program payload of a command module, service module, and Lunar Module a...